One of those cutting-edge technologies that you've certainly used many times when taking the subway, or used to pay, or used to open/lock the door, is RFID card technology. papmall® Team will help you learn about this technology and the applications of RFID in today's digital technology.

What Is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

1. What is RFID?

A microchip, a powered antenna, and a scanner are used in conjunction with radio frequency identification. Although its earliest commercial applications emerged in the 1970s, it has recently been more widely available. The technology used to read and store information has improved, making it easier to buy and modify. This is the technology of object recognition by radio waves. Then both devices operate on the same frequency and that frequency commonly used in RFID is 125Khz or 900Mhz.

2. Classification of RFID.

RFID is separated into passive and active categories based on the availability of power.

Passive Tag: A power source is not present on the passive sensor itself. The reader, to whom the data is ultimately communicated back, activates a sensor that generates its power source. Although the Passive Tag is tiny, short, and has a long lifespan, its detection range is rather modest.

Active Tag: Due to the built-in battery, the pricing is quite expensive, and the volume is larger than the Passive Tag. Both its service life and sensing range are longer.

According to the frequency, RFID can be divided into three types: LF, HF, and UF:

• Low-Frequency RFID (100–500KHz) has a shorter inductive range and a slower scanning rate. The commonly used low-frequency RFID with good penetration is 125 kHz.
• High-Frequency RFID (between 10 and 15 MHz): High-frequency RFID provides a greater sensing range and a faster scanning rate. The most common RFID frequency is 13.56 MHz.
• Ultra High-Frequency RFID (850–950MHz–2.45GHz): Ultra High-Frequency RFID has the worst penetration ability but the longest detecting distance and fastest scanning speed.

Classification of RFID

3. Principle of operation of radio frequency identification technology.

The RFID reader device emits electromagnetic waves at a specific frequency and the device that emits the RFID tag code in the active area will sense this electromagnetic wave and receive energy from it to retransmit it to the RFID device matching codes are detected. At that moment the RFID reader knows which tag is active in the electromagnetic wave region.

Principle of operation of radio frequency identification technology.

• An electronic tag: a tiny wireless transceiver made primarily of integrated electronics and an antenna.
• The RFID Reader & Writer: a tool that can be used alone or integrated into other systems to read and analyze RFID (radio frequency identification) tag data.
• The controller: it serves as the brains behind the reader chip's well-organized operation. its primary purposes are:
  • Communicating with the application system program.
  • Respond to the commands given by the application system program.
  • Control and utilize the tag.
  • Baseband signal encoding and decoding.
  • Anti-collision algorithm implementation.
  • Data encryption and decryption for transmission between the tag and reader.
  • Provide identity authentication between the reader and the electronic tag.
  • Control over additional external devices like keyboards and displays.
  • Controls the reader chip's functionality ( the most important).

• Radio frequency identification Reader Antenna:

The antenna is a component that either receives or emits electromagnetic waves in the form of the front-end RF transmission. It functions as a space-to-circuit interface device to enable the conversion of guided wave and free-space wave energy. An electronic tag antenna and a reader antenna are the two types of antenna used in the RFID (radio frequency identification) system, and they are used for receiving and transferring energy, respectively.

The reader antenna has the following features:

• Directionality with hemispheric or omnidirectional coverage.
• Able to deliver the strongest signal possible to the semiconductor.
• Regardless of the direction, the antenna's polarization can match the card's interrogation signal.
• Robust.
• Low cost.

• Communication Facility:

Communication facilities are a crucial component of radio frequency identification (RFID) systems since they offer safe communication links for managing various RFID systems which include Wired or Wireless networks.

4. Application of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.

Application field of radio frequency identification (RFID) technology.

RFID has been around since the 1940s, the 1970s is the increase in its application. There have been many industries that have applied RFID technology, some typical fields have applied this technology such as

• Expressway toll systems for transportation.
• Logistics management includes inventory, inventory identification, and logistics transport management.
• Automatic control, and management of assembly lines for the electronics, home appliance, and automotive industries.
• Medical application to control hospital instruments, equipment, and record-keeping systems. Material Control is the automatic tracking and management of materials in a factory.
• Product quality tracking, evaluation, and tracking.
• Resource recovery includes managing recyclable containers and stack boards.
• security applications to control stores, libraries, and bookstores.
• Prevention of Counterfeiting: the struggle against fake goods and imitations of well-known brands.
• Waste disposal includes waste control systems and rubbish collection and disposal.
• Joint Ticket: multipurpose smart cards.
• Control of explosives, weapons, detonators, and other dangerous goods.

5. Conclusion.

In general, the demand for using radio frequency identification (RFID) in life has increased due to its convenience. To end the article, papmall® Team will give you more advantages and disadvantages of RFID technology to make your selections more accurate.

Radio frequency identification (RFID)